(Replaced content with "Hi. Category:Apollo Missions") |
m (Reverted edits by Eliasb2011 (talk) to last version by Wingman1) |
||
(3 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
+ | [[Image:Moon landing map.jpg|thumb|Green dots indicate locations of Apollo missions on the moon]] |
||
− | Hi. |
||
+ | The '''Apollo missions''' were a series of space missions, both manned and unmanned, flown by [[NASA]] between 1961 and 1975. They culminated with a series of manned moon landings between 1969 and 1972. |
||
+ | |||
+ | ==Launch vehicles== |
||
+ | The Apollo program used four types of launch vehicles: |
||
+ | *[[Little Joe II]] - unmanned suborbital [[launch escape system]] development. |
||
+ | *[[Saturn I]] - unmanned suborbital and orbital hardware development. |
||
+ | *[[Saturn IB]] - unmanned and manned earth orbit development and operational missions. |
||
+ | *[[Saturn V]] - unmanned and manned earth orbit and lunar missions. |
||
+ | |||
+ | The [[Marshall Space Flight Center]], which designed the Saturn rockets, referred to the flights as Saturn-Apollo (SA), while [[Kennedy Space Center]] referred to the flights as Apollo-Saturn (AS). This is why the unmanned Saturn 1 flights are referred to as SA and the unmanned Saturn 1B are referred to as AS. Dates given below are dates of launch. |
||
+ | |||
+ | ==Unmanned missions== |
||
+ | ===Saturn I=== |
||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;" |
||
+ | |- bgcolor="#efefef" |
||
+ | !Mission |
||
+ | ![[Launch vehicle|LV]] Serial N<sup>o</sup> |
||
+ | !Launch Date |
||
+ | !Launch Time |
||
+ | !Remarks |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[SA-1 (Apollo)|SA-1]] |
||
+ | ||S-101 |
||
+ | ||27 October 1961 |
||
+ | ||15:06 GMT |
||
+ | ||Test of the [[Saturn 1]] Rocket |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[SA-2 (Apollo)|SA-2]] |
||
+ | ||S-102 |
||
+ | ||25 April 1962 |
||
+ | ||14:00 GMT |
||
+ | ||Test of the S-1 Rocket and carried 109 m³ of water into the upper atmosphere to investigate effects on radio transmission and changes in local weather conditions. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[SA-3 (Apollo)|SA-3]] |
||
+ | ||AS-103 |
||
+ | ||16 November 1962 |
||
+ | ||17:45 GMT |
||
+ | ||Repeat of the SA-2 mission. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[SA-4 (Apollo)|SA-4]] |
||
+ | ||AS-104 |
||
+ | ||28 March 1963 |
||
+ | ||20:11 GMT |
||
+ | ||Test effects of premature engine shutdown |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[SA-5 (Apollo)|SA-5]] |
||
+ | ||AS-105 |
||
+ | ||29 January 1964 |
||
+ | ||16:25 GMT |
||
+ | ||First flight of live second stage |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[A-101 (SA-6)|A-101]] |
||
+ | ||AS-106 |
||
+ | ||28 May 1964 |
||
+ | ||17:07 GMT |
||
+ | ||Tested the structural integrity of a boilerplate Apollo Command and Service Module |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[A-102 (SA-7)|A-102]] |
||
+ | ||AS-107 |
||
+ | ||18 September 1964 |
||
+ | ||17:22 GMT |
||
+ | ||Carried the first programmable computer on the Saturn I vehicle; last test flight |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[A-103 (SA-9)|A-103]] |
||
+ | ||AS-109 |
||
+ | ||16 February 1965 |
||
+ | ||14:37 GMT |
||
+ | || Carried [[Pegasus (satellite)|Pegasus A]] micrometeorite satellite plus a CSM boilerplate |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||*[[A-104 (SA-8)|A-104]] |
||
+ | ||AS-108 |
||
+ | ||25 May 1965 |
||
+ | ||07:35 GMT |
||
+ | ||Carried [[Pegasus (satellite)|Pegasus B]] micrometeorite satellite plus a CSM boilerplate |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[A-105 (SA-10)|A-105]] |
||
+ | ||AS-110 |
||
+ | ||30 July 1965 |
||
+ | ||13:00 GMT |
||
+ | ||Carried [[Pegasus (satellite)|Pegasus C micrometeorite satellite]] plus a CSM boilerplate |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |} |
||
+ | |||
+ | ===Pad abort tests=== |
||
+ | [[Image:Apollo Pad Abort Test -2.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Pad Abort Test (NASA) with [[boilerplate (rocketry)|boilerplate]] command module]] |
||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;" |
||
+ | |- bgcolor="#efefef" |
||
+ | !Mission |
||
+ | !Launch Date |
||
+ | !Launch Time |
||
+ | !Remarks |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[Pad Abort Test-1 (Apollo)|Pad Abort Test-1]] |
||
+ | ||7 November 1963 |
||
+ | ||16:00 GMT |
||
+ | ||Launch Escape System (LES) abort test from launch pad. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[Pad Abort Test-2 (Apollo)|Pad Abort Test-2]] |
||
+ | ||29 June 1965 |
||
+ | ||13:00 GMT |
||
+ | ||LES pad abort test of near Block-I CM. |
||
+ | |} |
||
+ | |||
+ | ====Little Joe II==== |
||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;" |
||
+ | |- bgcolor="#efefef" |
||
+ | !Mission |
||
+ | ![[Launch vehicle|LV]] Serial N<sup>o</sup> |
||
+ | !Launch Date |
||
+ | !Launch Time |
||
+ | !Remarks |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[QTV]] |
||
+ | || |
||
+ | ||28 August 1963 |
||
+ | ||13:05 GMT |
||
+ | ||[[Little Joe II]] qualification test. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[A-001]] |
||
+ | || |
||
+ | ||13 May 1964 |
||
+ | ||13:00 GMT |
||
+ | ||LES transonic test failed. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[A-002]] |
||
+ | || |
||
+ | ||8 December 1964 |
||
+ | ||15:00 GMT |
||
+ | ||LES maximum altitude, Max-Q abort test. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[A-003]] |
||
+ | || |
||
+ | ||19 May 1965 |
||
+ | ||13:01 GMT |
||
+ | ||LES canard maximum altitude abort test. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[A-004]] |
||
+ | || |
||
+ | ||20 January 1966 |
||
+ | ||15:17 GMT |
||
+ | ||LES test of maximum weight, tumbling Block-I CM. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |} |
||
+ | |||
+ | ===Unmanned Apollo-Saturn IB and Saturn V=== |
||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;" |
||
+ | |- bgcolor="#efefef" |
||
+ | !Mission |
||
+ | !Rocket |
||
+ | ![[Launch vehicle|LV]] Serial N<sup>o</sup> |
||
+ | !Launch Date |
||
+ | !Launch Time |
||
+ | !Remarks |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[AS-201]] |
||
+ | ||[[Saturn IB]] |
||
+ | ||AS-201 |
||
+ | ||26 February 1966 |
||
+ | ||16:12 GMT |
||
+ | ||First test flight of [[Saturn IB]] rocket |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[AS-203]] |
||
+ | ||[[Saturn IB]] |
||
+ | ||AS-203 |
||
+ | ||5 July 1966 |
||
+ | ||14:53 GMT |
||
+ | ||Investigated effects of weightlessness on fuel tanks of [[S-IVB]]. Sometimes informally called '''Apollo 2'''. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[AS-202]] |
||
+ | ||[[Saturn IB]] |
||
+ | ||AS-202 |
||
+ | ||25 August 1966 |
||
+ | ||17:15 GMT |
||
+ | ||Sub-orbital test flight of [[Apollo spacecraft|Command and Service Module]]. Sometimes informally called '''Apollo 3'''. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[Apollo 4]] |
||
+ | ||[[Saturn V]] |
||
+ | ||AS-501 |
||
+ | ||9 November 1967 |
||
+ | ||12:00 GMT |
||
+ | ||First test of the Saturn V booster |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[Apollo 5]] |
||
+ | ||[[Saturn IB]] |
||
+ | ||AS-204 |
||
+ | ||22 January 1968 |
||
+ | ||22:48 GMT |
||
+ | ||Test of the Saturn IB booster and [[Lunar Module]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[Apollo 6]] |
||
+ | ||[[Saturn V]] |
||
+ | ||AS-502 |
||
+ | ||4 April 1968 |
||
+ | ||16:12 GMT |
||
+ | ||Test of the Saturn V booster |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ||[[Skylab 1]] |
||
+ | ||[[Saturn INT-21|Saturn INT-21]] |
||
+ | ||AS-513 |
||
+ | ||14 May 1973 |
||
+ | ||17:30 GMT |
||
+ | ||Unmanned launch of ''Skylab 1'' workshop using [[Saturn INT-21]] (two-stage version of the Saturn V booster). Last flight of Saturn V booster. |
||
+ | |} |
||
+ | |||
+ | ==Manned missions== |
||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;" |
||
+ | |- bgcolor="#efefef" |
||
+ | !Mission |
||
+ | !Rocket |
||
+ | ![[Launch vehicle|LV]] Serial N<sup>o</sup> |
||
+ | !Commander |
||
+ | !Senior Pilot or [[Apollo Command/Service Module|Command Module]] Pilot |
||
+ | !Pilot or [[Apollo Lunar Module|Lunar Module]] Pilot |
||
+ | !CM Name |
||
+ | !LM Name |
||
+ | !Launch Date |
||
+ | !Launch Time |
||
+ | !Duration |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 1]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn IB|Saturn IB]] |
||
+ | |AS-204 |
||
+ | |[[Gus Grissom|Grissom]] |
||
+ | |[[Edward Higgins White|White]] |
||
+ | |[[Roger B. Chaffee|Chaffee]] |
||
+ | |N/A |
||
+ | |No LM |
||
+ | |21 February 1967 (Planned) |
||
+ | |N/A |
||
+ | |N/A |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="11"| Unlaunched - On 27 January 1967 [[Gus Grissom]], [[Edward Higgins White|Edward White]], and [[Roger B. Chaffee|Roger Chaffee]] were killed when a fire erupted in their Apollo spacecraft during a test on the launch pad. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 7]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn IB]] |
||
+ | |AS-205 |
||
+ | |[[Wally Schirra|Schirra]] |
||
+ | |[[Donn Eisele|Eisele]] |
||
+ | |[[Walter Cunningham|Cunningham]] |
||
+ | |N/A |
||
+ | |No LM |
||
+ | |11 October 1968 |
||
+ | |15:02 GMT |
||
+ | |10d 20h<br />09m 03s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="11"| First manned Apollo flight, first manned flight of the Saturn IB. Only manned Apollo launch not from LC 39 |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 8]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn V]] |
||
+ | |AS-503 |
||
+ | |[[Frank Borman|Borman]] |
||
+ | |[[Jim Lovell|Lovell]] |
||
+ | |[[William Anders|Anders]] |
||
+ | |N/A |
||
+ | |No LM |
||
+ | |21 December 1968 |
||
+ | |12:51 GMT |
||
+ | |06d 03h<br />00m 42s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="11"| First manned flight around the Moon, first manned flight of the Saturn V. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 9]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn V]] |
||
+ | |AS-504 |
||
+ | |[[James McDivitt|McDivitt]] |
||
+ | |[[David Scott|Scott]] |
||
+ | |[[Rusty Schweickart|Schweickart]] |
||
+ | |''[[Gumdrop]]'' |
||
+ | |''[[Spider]]'' |
||
+ | |3 March 1969 |
||
+ | |16:00 GMT |
||
+ | |10d 01h<br />00m 54s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="11"| First manned flight of the Lunar Module. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 10|Apollo 10]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn V]] |
||
+ | |AS-505 |
||
+ | |[[Thomas Patten Stafford|Stafford]] |
||
+ | |[[John Young (astronaut)|Young]] |
||
+ | |[[Eugene Andrew Cernan|Cernan]] |
||
+ | |''[[Charlie Brown]]'' |
||
+ | |''[[Snoopy]]'' |
||
+ | |18 May 1969 |
||
+ | |16:49 GMT |
||
+ | |08d 00h<br />03m 23s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="11"| First manned flight of the Lunar Module around the Moon. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 11]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn V]] |
||
+ | |AS-506 |
||
+ | |[[Neil Armstrong|Armstrong]] |
||
+ | |[[Michael Collins (astronaut)|Collins]] |
||
+ | |[[Buzz Aldrin|Aldrin]] |
||
+ | |''[[Columbia]]'' |
||
+ | |''[[Eagle]]'' |
||
+ | |16 July 1969 |
||
+ | |13:32 GMT |
||
+ | |08d 03h<br />18m 35s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="11"| First manned landing on the Moon, 20 July. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 12]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn V]] |
||
+ | |AS-507 |
||
+ | |[[Pete Conrad|Conrad]] |
||
+ | |[[Richard F. Gordon, Jr.|Gordon]] |
||
+ | |[[Alan Bean|Bean]] |
||
+ | |''[[Yankee Clipper]]'' |
||
+ | |''[[Intrepid]]'' |
||
+ | |14 November 1969 |
||
+ | |16:22 GMT |
||
+ | |10d 04h<br />36m 24s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="11"| First precise manned landing on the Moon. Recovered part of [[Surveyor 3]] probe. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 13]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn V]] |
||
+ | |AS-508 |
||
+ | |[[Jim Lovell|Lovell]] |
||
+ | |[[Jack Swigert|Swigert]] |
||
+ | |[[Fred Haise|Haise]] |
||
+ | |''[[Odyssey]]'' |
||
+ | |''[[Aquarius]]'' |
||
+ | |11 April 1970 |
||
+ | |19:13 GMT |
||
+ | |05d 22h<br />54m 41s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="11"| Oxygen tank exploded en route, forcing cancellation of landing. First (and, as of 2007, only) manned non-orbital lunar flight. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 14]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn V]] |
||
+ | |AS-509 |
||
+ | |[[Alan Shepard|Shepard]] |
||
+ | |[[Stuart Roosa|Roosa]] |
||
+ | |[[Edgar Mitchell|Mitchell]] |
||
+ | |''[[Kitty Hawk]]'' |
||
+ | |''[[Antares]]'' |
||
+ | |31 January 1971 |
||
+ | |21:03 GMT |
||
+ | |09d 00h<br />01m 58s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="11"| [[Alan Shepard]], the sole astronaut of the [[Mercury-Redstone 3|Mercury MR-3 mission]] - and thus the first American in space - walks (and plays golf) on the Moon. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 15]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn V]] |
||
+ | |AS-510 |
||
+ | |[[David Scott|Scott]] |
||
+ | |[[Alfred Worden|Worden]] |
||
+ | |[[James Irwin|Irwin]] |
||
+ | |''[[Endeavour]]'' |
||
+ | |''[[Falcon]]'' |
||
+ | |26 July 1971 |
||
+ | |13:34 GMT |
||
+ | |12d 07h<br />11m 53s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="11"| First mission with the [[Lunar Rover]] vehicle. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 16]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn V]] |
||
+ | |AS-511 |
||
+ | |[[John Young (astronaut)|Young]] |
||
+ | |[[Ken Mattingly|Mattingly]] |
||
+ | |[[Charles Moss Duke, Jr.|Duke]] |
||
+ | |''[[Casper]]'' |
||
+ | |''[[Orion]]'' |
||
+ | |16 April 1972 |
||
+ | |17:54 GMT |
||
+ | |11d 01h<br />51m 05s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="11"| First landing in the lunar highlands. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 17]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn V]] |
||
+ | |AS-512 |
||
+ | |[[Eugene Andrew Cernan|Cernan]] |
||
+ | |[[Ronald Evans|Evans]] |
||
+ | |[[Harrison Schmitt|Schmitt]] |
||
+ | |''[[America]]'' |
||
+ | |''Challenger'' |
||
+ | |7 December 1972 |
||
+ | |05:33 GMT |
||
+ | |12d 13h<br />51m 59s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="11"| Final Apollo lunar mission, first night launch, only mission with a professional geologist. |
||
+ | |} |
||
+ | |||
+ | ===''Canceled lunar missions''=== |
||
+ | {{main|Canceled Apollo missions}} |
||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;" |
||
+ | |- bgcolor="#efefef" |
||
+ | !Mission name/designation |
||
+ | !Commander |
||
+ | ![[Apollo Command/Service Module|CM]] |
||
+ | Pilot |
||
+ | ![[Apollo Lunar Module|LM]] |
||
+ | Pilot |
||
+ | !Mission date |
||
+ | !Date of cancellation |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 18]] |
||
+ | |[[Richard F. Gordon, Jr.|Gordon]] |
||
+ | |[[Vance D. Brand|Brand]] |
||
+ | |[[Harrison Schmitt|Schmitt]] |
||
+ | |February 1972 |
||
+ | |2 September 1970 |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="6"| Budget cuts - NOTE: The Apollo 15 designation was re-used as Apollo 16 became 15, 17 became 16, and 18 became 17. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 19]] |
||
+ | |[[Fred Haise|Haise]] |
||
+ | |[[William R. Pogue|Pogue]] |
||
+ | |[[Gerald P. Carr|Carr]] |
||
+ | |July 1972 |
||
+ | |2 September 1970 |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="6"| Budget cuts |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo 20]] |
||
+ | |[[Pete Conrad|Conrad]] or [[Stuart Roosa|Roosa]] |
||
+ | |[[Paul J. Weitz|Weitz]] |
||
+ | |[[Jack R. Lousma|Lousma]] |
||
+ | |December 1972 to February 1973 |
||
+ | |4 January 1970 |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="6"| [[Saturn INT-21|Launch vehicle]] needed to launch [[Skylab]] |
||
+ | |} |
||
+ | |||
+ | {{Stub}} |
||
+ | |||
+ | ===Post-Apollo missions using Apollo hardware and Saturn IB=== |
||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;" |
||
+ | |- bgcolor="#efefef" |
||
+ | !Mission |
||
+ | !Rocket |
||
+ | ![[Launch vehicle|LV]] |
||
+ | Serial N<sup>o</sup> |
||
+ | !Commander |
||
+ | !Pilot |
||
+ | !Science Pilot |
||
+ | !Launch Date |
||
+ | !Launch Time |
||
+ | !Duration |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Skylab 2]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn IB|Saturn IB]] |
||
+ | |AS-206 |
||
+ | |[[Pete Conrad|Conrad]] |
||
+ | |[[Paul J. Weitz|Weitz]] |
||
+ | |[[Joseph P. Kerwin|Kerwin]] |
||
+ | |25 May 1973 |
||
+ | |13:00 GMT |
||
+ | |28d 00h<br />49m 49s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="9"| First crew of the [[Skylab]] [[Space Station]]. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Skylab 3]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn IB]] |
||
+ | |AS-207 |
||
+ | |[[Alan Bean|Bean]] |
||
+ | |[[Jack R. Lousma|Lousma]] |
||
+ | |[[Owen K. Garriott|Garriott]] |
||
+ | |28 July 1973 |
||
+ | |11:10 GMT |
||
+ | |59d 11h<br />09m 34s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="9"| Second Skylab crew. SM thruster malfunction nearly necessitated a [[Skylab Rescue|Rescue Mission]]. |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Skylab 4]] |
||
+ | |[[Saturn IB]] |
||
+ | |AS-208 |
||
+ | |[[Gerald P. Carr|Carr]] |
||
+ | |[[William R. Pogue|Pogue]] |
||
+ | |[[Edward Gibson|Gibson]] |
||
+ | |16 November 1973 |
||
+ | |14:01 GMT |
||
+ | |84d 01h<br />15m 31s |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="9"| Third and final Skylab crew. Penultimate flight of Apollo. |
||
+ | |- bgcolor="#efefef" |
||
+ | !Mission |
||
+ | !Rocket |
||
+ | ![[Launch vehicle|LV]] Serial N<sup>o</sup> |
||
+ | !Commander |
||
+ | ![[Apollo Command/Service Module|CM]] |
||
+ | Pilot |
||
+ | !Docking Module Pilot |
||
+ | !Launch Date |
||
+ | !Launch Time |
||
+ | !Duration |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |rowspan="2"|[[Apollo-Soyuz Test Project]] (Apollo 18) |
||
+ | |[[Saturn IB]] |
||
+ | |AS-209 |
||
+ | |[[Thomas Patten Stafford|Stafford]] |
||
+ | |[[Vance D. Brand|Brand]] |
||
+ | |[[Deke Slayton|Slayton]] |
||
+ | |15 July 1975 |
||
+ | |12:20 GMT |
||
+ | |09d 01h<br />28m |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |colspan="9"| Final flight of both Apollo and the Saturn Ib. Rendezvous and docking with [[Soyuz 19]] spacecraft. The inadvertent entry of toxic gases into the cabin atmosphere created a potentially life-threatening health risk to the astronauts during re-entry. |
||
+ | |} |
||
[[Category:Apollo Missions]] |
[[Category:Apollo Missions]] |
Revision as of 19:53, 11 June 2020
The Apollo missions were a series of space missions, both manned and unmanned, flown by NASA between 1961 and 1975. They culminated with a series of manned moon landings between 1969 and 1972.
Launch vehicles
The Apollo program used four types of launch vehicles:
- Little Joe II - unmanned suborbital launch escape system development.
- Saturn I - unmanned suborbital and orbital hardware development.
- Saturn IB - unmanned and manned earth orbit development and operational missions.
- Saturn V - unmanned and manned earth orbit and lunar missions.
The Marshall Space Flight Center, which designed the Saturn rockets, referred to the flights as Saturn-Apollo (SA), while Kennedy Space Center referred to the flights as Apollo-Saturn (AS). This is why the unmanned Saturn 1 flights are referred to as SA and the unmanned Saturn 1B are referred to as AS. Dates given below are dates of launch.
Unmanned missions
Saturn I
Mission | LV Serial No | Launch Date | Launch Time | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
SA-1 | S-101 | 27 October 1961 | 15:06 GMT | Test of the Saturn 1 Rocket |
SA-2 | S-102 | 25 April 1962 | 14:00 GMT | Test of the S-1 Rocket and carried 109 m³ of water into the upper atmosphere to investigate effects on radio transmission and changes in local weather conditions. |
SA-3 | AS-103 | 16 November 1962 | 17:45 GMT | Repeat of the SA-2 mission. |
SA-4 | AS-104 | 28 March 1963 | 20:11 GMT | Test effects of premature engine shutdown |
SA-5 | AS-105 | 29 January 1964 | 16:25 GMT | First flight of live second stage |
A-101 | AS-106 | 28 May 1964 | 17:07 GMT | Tested the structural integrity of a boilerplate Apollo Command and Service Module |
A-102 | AS-107 | 18 September 1964 | 17:22 GMT | Carried the first programmable computer on the Saturn I vehicle; last test flight |
A-103 | AS-109 | 16 February 1965 | 14:37 GMT | Carried Pegasus A micrometeorite satellite plus a CSM boilerplate |
*A-104 | AS-108 | 25 May 1965 | 07:35 GMT | Carried Pegasus B micrometeorite satellite plus a CSM boilerplate |
A-105 | AS-110 | 30 July 1965 | 13:00 GMT | Carried Pegasus C micrometeorite satellite plus a CSM boilerplate |
Pad abort tests
Mission | Launch Date | Launch Time | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
Pad Abort Test-1 | 7 November 1963 | 16:00 GMT | Launch Escape System (LES) abort test from launch pad. |
Pad Abort Test-2 | 29 June 1965 | 13:00 GMT | LES pad abort test of near Block-I CM. |
Little Joe II
Mission | LV Serial No | Launch Date | Launch Time | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
QTV | 28 August 1963 | 13:05 GMT | Little Joe II qualification test. | |
A-001 | 13 May 1964 | 13:00 GMT | LES transonic test failed. | |
A-002 | 8 December 1964 | 15:00 GMT | LES maximum altitude, Max-Q abort test. | |
A-003 | 19 May 1965 | 13:01 GMT | LES canard maximum altitude abort test. | |
A-004 | 20 January 1966 | 15:17 GMT | LES test of maximum weight, tumbling Block-I CM. |
Unmanned Apollo-Saturn IB and Saturn V
Mission | Rocket | LV Serial No | Launch Date | Launch Time | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AS-201 | Saturn IB | AS-201 | 26 February 1966 | 16:12 GMT | First test flight of Saturn IB rocket |
AS-203 | Saturn IB | AS-203 | 5 July 1966 | 14:53 GMT | Investigated effects of weightlessness on fuel tanks of S-IVB. Sometimes informally called Apollo 2. |
AS-202 | Saturn IB | AS-202 | 25 August 1966 | 17:15 GMT | Sub-orbital test flight of Command and Service Module. Sometimes informally called Apollo 3. |
Apollo 4 | Saturn V | AS-501 | 9 November 1967 | 12:00 GMT | First test of the Saturn V booster |
Apollo 5 | Saturn IB | AS-204 | 22 January 1968 | 22:48 GMT | Test of the Saturn IB booster and Lunar Module |
Apollo 6 | Saturn V | AS-502 | 4 April 1968 | 16:12 GMT | Test of the Saturn V booster |
Skylab 1 | Saturn INT-21 | AS-513 | 14 May 1973 | 17:30 GMT | Unmanned launch of Skylab 1 workshop using Saturn INT-21 (two-stage version of the Saturn V booster). Last flight of Saturn V booster. |
Manned missions
Mission | Rocket | LV Serial No | Commander | Senior Pilot or Command Module Pilot | Pilot or Lunar Module Pilot | CM Name | LM Name | Launch Date | Launch Time | Duration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apollo 1 | Saturn IB | AS-204 | Grissom | White | Chaffee | N/A | No LM | 21 February 1967 (Planned) | N/A | N/A |
Unlaunched - On 27 January 1967 Gus Grissom, Edward White, and Roger Chaffee were killed when a fire erupted in their Apollo spacecraft during a test on the launch pad. | ||||||||||
Apollo 7 | Saturn IB | AS-205 | Schirra | Eisele | Cunningham | N/A | No LM | 11 October 1968 | 15:02 GMT | 10d 20h 09m 03s |
First manned Apollo flight, first manned flight of the Saturn IB. Only manned Apollo launch not from LC 39 | ||||||||||
Apollo 8 | Saturn V | AS-503 | Borman | Lovell | Anders | N/A | No LM | 21 December 1968 | 12:51 GMT | 06d 03h 00m 42s |
First manned flight around the Moon, first manned flight of the Saturn V. | ||||||||||
Apollo 9 | Saturn V | AS-504 | McDivitt | Scott | Schweickart | Gumdrop | Spider | 3 March 1969 | 16:00 GMT | 10d 01h 00m 54s |
First manned flight of the Lunar Module. | ||||||||||
Apollo 10 | Saturn V | AS-505 | Stafford | Young | Cernan | Charlie Brown | Snoopy | 18 May 1969 | 16:49 GMT | 08d 00h 03m 23s |
First manned flight of the Lunar Module around the Moon. | ||||||||||
Apollo 11 | Saturn V | AS-506 | Armstrong | Collins | Aldrin | Columbia | Eagle | 16 July 1969 | 13:32 GMT | 08d 03h 18m 35s |
First manned landing on the Moon, 20 July. | ||||||||||
Apollo 12 | Saturn V | AS-507 | Conrad | Gordon | Bean | Yankee Clipper | Intrepid | 14 November 1969 | 16:22 GMT | 10d 04h 36m 24s |
First precise manned landing on the Moon. Recovered part of Surveyor 3 probe. | ||||||||||
Apollo 13 | Saturn V | AS-508 | Lovell | Swigert | Haise | Odyssey | Aquarius | 11 April 1970 | 19:13 GMT | 05d 22h 54m 41s |
Oxygen tank exploded en route, forcing cancellation of landing. First (and, as of 2007, only) manned non-orbital lunar flight. | ||||||||||
Apollo 14 | Saturn V | AS-509 | Shepard | Roosa | Mitchell | Kitty Hawk | Antares | 31 January 1971 | 21:03 GMT | 09d 00h 01m 58s |
Alan Shepard, the sole astronaut of the Mercury MR-3 mission - and thus the first American in space - walks (and plays golf) on the Moon. | ||||||||||
Apollo 15 | Saturn V | AS-510 | Scott | Worden | Irwin | Endeavour | Falcon | 26 July 1971 | 13:34 GMT | 12d 07h 11m 53s |
First mission with the Lunar Rover vehicle. | ||||||||||
Apollo 16 | Saturn V | AS-511 | Young | Mattingly | Duke | Casper | Orion | 16 April 1972 | 17:54 GMT | 11d 01h 51m 05s |
First landing in the lunar highlands. | ||||||||||
Apollo 17 | Saturn V | AS-512 | Cernan | Evans | Schmitt | America | Challenger | 7 December 1972 | 05:33 GMT | 12d 13h 51m 59s |
Final Apollo lunar mission, first night launch, only mission with a professional geologist. |
Canceled lunar missions
- Main article: Canceled Apollo missions
Mission name/designation | Commander | CM
Pilot |
LM
Pilot |
Mission date | Date of cancellation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apollo 18 | Gordon | Brand | Schmitt | February 1972 | 2 September 1970 |
Budget cuts - NOTE: The Apollo 15 designation was re-used as Apollo 16 became 15, 17 became 16, and 18 became 17. | |||||
Apollo 19 | Haise | Pogue | Carr | July 1972 | 2 September 1970 |
Budget cuts | |||||
Apollo 20 | Conrad or Roosa | Weitz | Lousma | December 1972 to February 1973 | 4 January 1970 |
Launch vehicle needed to launch Skylab |
This article is a stub, and may need more information. You can help Space Wiki by expanding it. |
---|
Post-Apollo missions using Apollo hardware and Saturn IB
Mission | Rocket | LV
Serial No |
Commander | Pilot | Science Pilot | Launch Date | Launch Time | Duration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Skylab 2 | Saturn IB | AS-206 | Conrad | Weitz | Kerwin | 25 May 1973 | 13:00 GMT | 28d 00h 49m 49s |
First crew of the Skylab Space Station. | ||||||||
Skylab 3 | Saturn IB | AS-207 | Bean | Lousma | Garriott | 28 July 1973 | 11:10 GMT | 59d 11h 09m 34s |
Second Skylab crew. SM thruster malfunction nearly necessitated a Rescue Mission. | ||||||||
Skylab 4 | Saturn IB | AS-208 | Carr | Pogue | Gibson | 16 November 1973 | 14:01 GMT | 84d 01h 15m 31s |
Third and final Skylab crew. Penultimate flight of Apollo. | ||||||||
Mission | Rocket | LV Serial No | Commander | CM
Pilot |
Docking Module Pilot | Launch Date | Launch Time | Duration |
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (Apollo 18) | Saturn IB | AS-209 | Stafford | Brand | Slayton | 15 July 1975 | 12:20 GMT | 09d 01h 28m |
Final flight of both Apollo and the Saturn Ib. Rendezvous and docking with Soyuz 19 spacecraft. The inadvertent entry of toxic gases into the cabin atmosphere created a potentially life-threatening health risk to the astronauts during re-entry. |